Which is More Important, Foreign Direct Investment Inflow or Outflow, on the Pollution of European Union Countries? Evidence from Panel Fourier Symmetric and Asymmetric Causality
Yazarlar (3)
Doç. Dr. Asiye TÜTÜNCÜ Kastamonu Üniversitesi, Türkiye
Doç. Dr. Omca ALTIN Kastamonu Üniversitesi, Türkiye
Doç. Dr. Şükran SIRKINTIOĞLU YILDIRIM Kastamonu Üniversitesi, Türkiye
| Makale Türü |
Özgün Makale
(SSCI, AHCI, SCI, SCI-Exp dergilerinde yayınlanan tam makale)
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| Dergi Adı | Environmental Science and Pollution Research (Q1) | ||
| Dergi ISSN | 0944-1344 Wos Dergi Scopus Dergi | ||
| Dergi Tarandığı Indeksler | SCI-Expanded | ||
| Makale Dili | İngilizce | Basım Tarihi | 10-2023 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 07-09-2023 | Yayınlanma Tarihi | 19-09-2023 |
| Cilt / Sayı / Sayfa | 30 / 48 / 106112–106128 | DOI | 10.1007/s11356-023-29821-x |
| Makale Linki | https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29821-x | ||
| Özet |
| Uncertainty remains regarding the impact of foreign direct investments on countries' environmental policies and pollution levels. Therefore, this study examines the relationship between foreign direct investment inflows, outflows, and carbon dioxide emissions for EU (European Union) member states. Accordingly, the data for the period 1993--2019 were subjected to the Panel Fourier symmetric and asymmetric causality tests for 21 EU countries. According to the Panel Fourier symmetric causality test results, the effect of foreign investment outflows on carbon dioxide emissions is more dominant in general. While there is a bidirectional relationship between these variables in the Austrian and Slovak Republics, there is a unidirectional relationship between foreign investment outflows to carbon dioxide emissions in Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Ireland, and Portugal. On the other hand, one-way causality was found from ... |
| Anahtar Kelimeler |
| Carbon dioxide emission | EU countries | Foreign direct investment | Panel Fourier casualty |
BM Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
| Atıf Sayıları | |
| Web of Science | 1 |
| Google Scholar | 1 |