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Raloxifene and Tamoxifen Reduce PARP Activity, Cytokine and Oxidative Stress Levels in the Brain and Blood of Ovariectomized Rats        
Yazarlar
Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Betül YAZĞAN
Adıyaman Üniversitesi, Türkiye
Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Yener YAZĞAN
Kastamonu Üniversitesi, Türkiye
İshak Suat Övey
Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat Üniversitesi, Türkiye
Mustafa Nazıroğlu
Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Türkiye
Özet
It is well known that 17β-estradiol (E2) has an antioxidant role on neurological systems in the brain. Raloxifene (RLX) and tamoxifen (TMX) are selective estrogen receptor modulators. An E2 deficiency stimulates mitochondrial functions for promoting apoptosis and increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. However, RLX and TMX may reduce the mitochondrial ROS production via their antioxidant properties in the brain and erythrocytes of ovariectomized (OVX) rats. We aimed to investigate the effects of E2, RLX, and TMX on oxidative stress, apoptosis, and cytokine production in the brain and erythrocytes of OVX rats. Forty female rats were divided into five groups. The first group was used as a control group. The second group was the OVX group. The third, fourth, and fifth groups were OVX + E2, OVX + TMX, and OVX + RLX groups, respectively. E2, TMX, and RLX were given subcutaneously to the OVX + E2 and OVX + TMX, OVX + RLX groups for 14 days after the ovariectomy respectively. While brain and erythrocyte lipid peroxidation levels were high in the OVX group, they were low in the OVX + E2, OVX + RLX, and OVX + TMX groups. OVX + E2, OVX + RLX, and OVX + TMX treatments increased the lowered glutathione peroxidase activity in erythrocytes and the brain and reduced glutathione and vitamin E concentrations in the brain. β-carotene and vitamin A concentrations in the brain and TNF-α and interleukin (IL)-1β levels in the plasma of the five groups were not significantly changed by the treatments. However, increased plasma IL-4 levels and Western blot results for brain poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in the OVX groups were decreased by E2, TMX, and RLX treatments, although proapoptotic procaspase 3 and 9 activities were increased by the treatments. In conclusion, we observed that E2, RLX, and TMX administrations were beneficial on oxidative stress, inflammation, and PARP levels in the serum and brain of OVX rats by modulating antioxidant systems, DNA damage, and cytokine production.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Apoptosis | Brain | Cytokine | Oxidative stress | Selective estrogen receptor modulators
Makale Türü Özgün Makale
Makale Alt Türü SSCI, AHCI, SCI, SCI-Exp dergilerinde yayımlanan tam makale
Dergi Adı JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
Dergi ISSN 0895-8696
Dergi Tarandığı Indeksler SCI-Expanded
Dergi Grubu Q3
Makale Dili İngilizce
Basım Tarihi 10-2016
Cilt No 60
Sayı 2
Sayfalar 214 / 222
Doi Numarası 10.1007/s12031-016-0785-9
Makale Linki https://doi.org/10.1007/s12031-016-0785-9