Which is More Important, Foreign Direct Investment Inflow or Outflow, on the Pollution of European Union Countries? Evidence from Panel Fourier Symmetric and Asymmetric Causality

TÜTÜNCÜ, Asiye; ALTIN, Omca; SIRKINTIOĞLU YILDIRIM, Şükran

doi:10.1007/s11356-023-29821-x

Which is More Important, Foreign Direct Investment Inflow or Outflow, on the Pollution of European Union Countries? Evidence from Panel Fourier Symmetric and Asymmetric Causality

Yazarlar
Doç. Dr. Asiye TÜTÜNCÜ Kurum Bilgileri İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Finans ve Bankacılık Bankacılık ve Sigortacılık Özgeçmiş Sayfası İletişim Bilgileri: (366)280-1000 Türkiye
Doç. Dr. Omca ALTIN Kurum Bilgileri İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Uluslararası İlişkiler Avrupa Birliği Hukuku Özgeçmiş Sayfası İletişim Bilgileri: (366)280-1000 Kastamonu Üniversitesi, Türkiye
Doç. Dr. Şükran SIRKINTIOĞLU YILDIRIM Kurum Bilgileri İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Finans ve Bankacılık Bankacılık ve Sigortacılık Özgeçmiş Sayfası İletişim Bilgileri: (366)280-1000 Türkiye

Özet

Uncertainty remains regarding the impact of foreign direct investments on countries' environmental policies and pollution levels. Therefore, this study examines the relationship between foreign direct investment inflows, outflows, and carbon dioxide emissions for EU (European Union) member states. Accordingly, the data for the period 1993-2019 were subjected to the Panel Fourier symmetric and asymmetric causality tests for 21 EU countries. According to the Panel Fourier symmetric causality test results, the effect of foreign investment outflows on carbon dioxide emissions is more dominant in general. While there is a bidirectional relationship between these variables in the Austrian and Slovak Republics, there is a unidirectional relationship between foreign investment outflows to carbon dioxide emissions in Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Ireland, and Portugal. On the other hand, one-way causality was found from foreign investment inflows to carbon dioxide emissions in Belgium, Cyprus, France, Ireland, and Romania and from carbon dioxide emissions to foreign investment inflows in Finland, Greece, and Sweden. According to the Panel Fourier asymmetric causality test results, causality between variables is statistically significant in many countries. This shows that the asymmetric relationship is essential for the variables.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Carbon dioxide emission | EU countries | Foreign direct investment | Panel Fourier casualty

Makale Türü	Özgün Makale
Makale Alt Türü	SSCI, AHCI, SCI, SCI-Exp dergilerinde yayımlanan tam makale
Dergi Adı	Environmental Science and Pollution Research
Dergi ISSN	1614-7499
Dergi Tarandığı Indeksler	SCI-Expanded
Makale Dili	İngilizce
Basım Tarihi	10-2023
Cilt No	30
Sayı	48
Sayfalar	106112 / 106128
Doi Numarası	10.1007/s11356-023-29821-x
Makale Linki	https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356-023-29821-x

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Which is More Important, Foreign Direct Investment Inflow or Outflow, on the Pollution of European Union Countries? Evidence from Panel Fourier Symmetric and Asymmetric Causality

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Which is More Important, Foreign Direct Investment Inflow or Outflow, on the Pollution of European Union Countries? Evidence from Panel Fourier Symmetric and Asymmetric Causality

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