| Germanium, tin/silicon-based nanoparticles are used as excipients in pharmaceutical technology. Recently, silicon/germanium oxide has emerged as a drug delivery system. Therefore, in this article, the promising alternative alkali metals of sodium-ion and potassium-ion delivery are discussed. This paper reports the presence of human cells of an additional ouabain-insensitive transport pathway for Li+--Na+ and Li+--K+ ions cotransport. A comprehensive investigation on (GeSiO2)Li+Na+, (GeSiO2)Li+K+, (SnSiO2)Li+Na+, and (SnSiO2)Li+K+ was carried out including using density functional theory (DFT) computations at the coulomb-attenuating method/Becke, 3-parameter, Lee--Yang--Parr [CAM--B3LYP--D3/6-311+G (d,p)] level of theory. The hypothesis of the ion-transporting phenomenon was confirmed by density distributions of charge density differences (CDD), total density of states (TDOS), and localized orbital locator (LOL) for nanoclusters of (GeSiO2)Li+Na+, (GeSiO2)Li+K+, (SnSiO2)Li+Na+, and (SnSiO2)Li+K+. The fluctuation in charge density values demonstrates that the electronic densities were mainly located at the boundary of adsorbate/adsorbent atoms during the adsorption status. The values detect that with adding lithium, sodium and potassium, the negative atomic charge of oxygen atoms of O2, O3, O7--O12, O14, O15, O17, O18, O22--O27, O29, O30 in (GeSiO2)Li+Na+, (GeSiO2)Li+K+, (SnSiO2)Li+Na+, and (SnSiO2)Li+K+ nanoclusters augments as the advantages of lithium, sodium, or potassium over Ge, Sn/Si, they possess its higher electron and hole motion, allowing lithium, sodium or potassium instruments to operate at higher frequencies than Ge, Sn/Si instruments. Among these, sodium-ion transfer seems to show the most promise in terms of initial capacity. In fact, the counter map of LOL can confirm that (GeSiO2)Li+Na+, (GeSiO2)Li+K+, (SnSiO2)Li+Na+, and (SnSiO2)Li+K+ nanoclusters may increase the efficiency during ion transporting. This ion transport can create and maintain an electrochemical gradient, which is crucial for various cellular processes, including cell volume regulation, electrical excitability, and secondary active transport. The current study wants to delve deeper into several aspects of this molecular entity, such as describing its structure and mode of operation in atomic detail, understanding its molecular and functional diversity, and examining the consequences of its malfunction due to structural alterations. |
Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Fatemeh MOLLAAMIN
