Cold plasma triggered cell death with a curcumin and capecitabine loaded magnetic nanocluster-based multifunctional system on the MCF-7 cell line: a smart therapy platform

Erdag, Demet; Garrido, M. Dolores; Basoglu, Harun; YAZGAN, İdris; Amorós, Pedro; Yalcintepe, Leman; Toprak, Muhammet S.

doi:10.1039/d5tb01738f

Cold plasma triggered cell death with a curcumin and capecitabine loaded magnetic nanocluster-based multifunctional system on the MCF-7 cell line: a smart therapy platform

Yazarlar (7)

Demet Erdag
İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi, Türkiye

M. Dolores Garrido The Royal Institute Of Technology (Kth), İsveç

Harun Basoglu Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Tip Fakültesi, Türkiye

Prof. Dr. İdris YAZGAN Kastamonu Üniversitesi, Türkiye

Pedro Amorós Universitat De València, İspanya

Leman Yalcintepe İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi, Türkiye

Muhammet S. Toprak The Royal Institute Of Technology (Kth), İsveç

Makale Türü	Özgün Makale (SSCI, AHCI, SCI, SCI-Exp dergilerinde yayınlanan tam makale)
Dergi Adı	Journal of Materials Chemistry B (Q2)
Dergi ISSN	2050-750X Wos Dergi Scopus Dergi
Makale Dili	İngilizce	Basım Tarihi	01-2026
Cilt / Sayı / Sayfa	14 / 4 / 1224–1241	DOI	10.1039/d5tb01738f
Makale Linki	https://doi.org/10.1039/D5TB01738F

Özet

The development of smart, selective, and multifunctional nanotherapeutics is crucial for advancing next-generation cancer treatments. In this study, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoclusters (SPIONCs) were coated with mesoporous silica, functionalized with folic acid (FA), and co-loaded with curcumin (CUR) and capecitabine (CAPE) to create a novel nanocarrier system. To enhance cellular internalisation, magnetophoresis was applied before exposure of the cells to cold atmospheric plasma (CAP). The resulting FA-conjugated, CUR and CAPE-loaded nanoclusters were evaluated in vitro in MCF-7 breast cancer and HME-1 normal epithelial cells at varying CAP exposure durations (0, 10, and 20 s) and incubation times (24 and 48 h). This is the first report demonstrating the co-loading of CUR and CAPE into FA-functionalised mesoporous silica-coated magnetic nanoclusters. Drug release studies revealed significantly enhanced release profiles under acidic conditions (pH 5.0 and 6.5), mimicking lysosomal and tumour microenvironments, compared to physiological pH (7.4). Drug-loaded nanoclusters exhibited substantially higher cytotoxicity than the controls with no loading, with a more pronounced effect in MCF-7 cells. Notably, the combined treatment of CAP and CUR-CAPE loaded NCs showed a synergistic cytotoxic effect. IC50 values, after 10 s CAP exposure and 24 h incubation, decreased to 0.43 µg mL⁻¹ for MCF-7 cells and 37 µg mL⁻¹ for HME-1 cells. The elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by CAP played a key role in the observed cytotoxic effects, and both CUR and CAPE were found to enhance this process through ROS-related and potentially additional molecular pathways. These findings highlight the potential of CAP-assisted multicomponent nanocarriers as a promising platform for effective cancer therapy.

Anahtar Kelimeler

BM Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları

Atıf Sayıları
Scopus	1

Cold plasma triggered cell death with a curcumin and capecitabine loaded magnetic nanocluster-based multifunctional system on the MCF-7 cell line: a smart therapy platform

Dergi Adı	Journal of Materials Chemistry B
Yayıncı	Royal Society of Chemistry
Açık Erişim	Hayır
ISSN	2050-750X
E-ISSN	2050-7518
CiteScore	10,4
SJR	1,159
SNIP	0,875

Cold plasma triggered cell death with a curcumin and capecitabine loaded magnetic nanocluster-based multifunctional system on the MCF-7 cell line: a smart therapy platform

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